Biodiversity

Biodiversity is a term expressing the diversity of living organisms, species and populations, the genetic variations between them and all the complexities of gathering them into the biomes and ecosystems. Biodiversity is expressed in three levels: genetic diversity, diversity of species and the diversity of ecosystems.

While genetic diversity is given as the difference between the genetic characteristics of the origin, the populations and between the individuals of a species or a population the species diversity of rich extent only on the number of species or species on Earth, in one side, in a country or in a particular scene.About the ecosystem diversity present, yet have a definition and classification for the global level. Diverse ecosystems are typically reviews through the diversity of the species; It may include an evaluation of the relative abundance of the various species, as well as the diversity of species.

The value of biodiversity is extremely large and can be divided into two types of values: values direct and indirect value. Direct economic value of biological diversity is the value of the products that are direct human exploitation and use for the needs of his life; indirect value also includes the ones that humans could not sell, the benefits of which include the quantity and quality of water, soil protection, regeneration, education, scientific research, climate and provide the means for the future of human society.

However, due to various causes, biodiversity, the most valuable resource, a very large role for nature and human life are seriously degraded. Inevitable consequences resulting will reduced. the functions of the ecosystem such as regulate water, prevent erosion, waste assimilation, clean the environment,ensuring the circulation of matter and energy in nature, to minimize natural disasters/extreme consequences on climate. Finally, the economic system will be reduced by the loss of the value of natural resources, environment.

There are 2 main cause groups cause the degradation of biodiversity, which is due to the adverse impacts of natural and human, in that the human influence caused particularly severe from the mid-19th century to the present and mostly do change and degradation extensive landscaping and that has pushed the species and biome in genocide. People destroying, dividing degrade born landscape, exploitation of species for your needs, introduced foreign species and increasing disease is also important causes degrade the biological diversity.